Unified treatment of recoil and Doppler broadening in molecular high-energy photoemission

Abstract Doppler and recoil effects are an integral part of the photoemission process at high kinetic energies reached in hard x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (HAXPES) have a major effect on observed lineshape, resulting broadening, energy losses discrete excitations. These can be modeled with degree detail for small systems like diatomic molecules, larger such treatment is often superfluous as fine spectral features not observable. We present united description arbitrary polyatomic offer approximate recoil- Doppler-modified lineshape practical tool analysis HAXPES spectra core-level photoemission. The approach tested examples carbon dioxide pentane molecules. C O 1s photoelectron CO 2 gas phase were also measured 2.3 7.0 keV photon Synchrotron SOLEIL analyzed using model description. limitations applicability to adsorbates, interfaces solids briefly discussed.